Database Model

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Relational and object-relational models were the basis for the development of database technology. The principal Below is a list of database models: 

Hierarchical Database model:

The famous Hierarchical database model was IMS(Information Management System). IBM's initial database management system. Each entry in this model contains information on the parent-child relationship in the form of a tree. In a relational model, the collection of records is referred to as record types, which are the same as tables. Each record is equivalent to a row.


There are numerous benefits to the aforementioned paradigm, including reduced redundant data, effective search, data integrity, and security.
A few other drawbacks of this approach are its complexity in implementation and its inability to manage many-to-many interactions.

Network Model:
Honeywell's IDS (Integrated Data Store) was the first network data model to be created. The network model is comparable to the hierarchical model, with the exception that each member may have several owners. The management of many-to-many relationships is improved. The three database components—Network schema, Sub schema, and Language for data management—were identified by this paradigm.



  • Network schema – schema defines all about the structure of the database.
  • Sub schema – control on views of the database for the user
  • Language – basic process for accessing the database.
This model's main benefits are its capacity to manage a wider variety of relationship kinds, as well as its ease of access, independence, and data integrity. The network model's design and maintenance challenges are its drawback.

Relational Model:
A couple of the commercial relational models in use include Oracle and DB2. Instance and schema are the two terms used to define a relational model.



  • Instance – A table consisting of rows and columns
  • Schema – Specifies the structure including name and type of each column.
 A relation (table) consists of unique attributes (columns) and tuples (rows).

Object-oriented database model:
This paradigm combines database technologies with the ideas of object-oriented programming, or OOP. In practice, this model forms the foundation of the relational model. Objects are tiny, reusable pieces of software used in this model. An object-oriented database houses these. This model effectively handles a wide variety of data formats. Furthermore, OOP's ideas are effective in handling complicated behaviors.




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