Basic Program in C

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BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT STATEMENT: 

In C programming, input/output operations are essential for communicating a program to the user or other system components. The foundations of this communication, which enable dynamic interaction between C programs, are the "scanf" and "printf" routines.

scanf:

  • Programs can receive data from the user during runtime thanks to the scanf function, which acts as the standard input statement.
  • Programmers can ask users for input and store the answers they supply into variables by using scanf.
  • The first argument to this method is a format string, which indicates the intended data type of the input. Subsequent arguments define the location of the input.

printf
  • As the standard output statement, printf makes it easier to display data on the console or other output streams. 
  • It allows developers to send messages, results, or any other desired output to the user or external systems by formatting and printing data to the standard output. 
  • Printf uses format specifiers in its format string, just as scanf, to decide how to display data.

FORMAT SPECIFIER:

Format specifiers tell the compiler how to interpret and display data in the output stream. These specifiers determine the format and placement of the data in the output.


  • Integer - %d

  • Float - %f

  • Character - %c

  • String - %s



Here is a basic program,

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    
       printf("Hello, World!\n");

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

#include <stdio.h>: This line instructs the compiler to include the standard input/output library (stdio.h). This library includes functions like printf() that are used for input and output activities.

int main() { ... }: This is the program's main function. All C programs must contain a main() function, which serves as the program's entry point. The program's execution begins with the main() function.

printf(): This line uses the printf() function to display the string "Hello, World!" on the console. The newline character (\n) transfers the cursor to the next line after printing.

return 0;: The fact that this statement appears suggests that the application ran correctly. The program ended successfully when main() returned a value of 0. 
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