C++ math

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• Functions in C++
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• C++ math
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🗖 The math library in C++ offers a large number of functions for carrying out mathematical calculations. These functions, which are included in the header (short for "C Math"), include trigonometric functions, power, square root, logarithms, rounding, and more.

Commonly Used Math Functions in <cmath>

Function	Description	Example
abs(x)	Returns the absolute value of x.	abs(-5) → 5
sqrt(x)	Returns the square root of x.	sqrt(16) → 4
pow(base, exp)	Returns base raised to the power exp.	pow(2, 3) → 8
sin(x)	Returns the sine of x (in radians).	sin(3.14 / 2) → 1.0
cos(x)	Returns the cosine of x (in radians).	cos(0) → 1.0
tan(x)	Returns the tangent of x (in radians).	tan(0) → 0
log(x)	Returns the natural logarithm of x.	log(1) → 0
log10(x)	Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.	log10(100) → 2
exp(x)	Returns e^x (exponential function).	exp(1) → 2.71828...
ceil(x)	Returns the smallest integer ≥ x.	ceil(3.2) → 4
floor(x)	Returns the largest integer ≤ x.	floor(3.7) → 3
round(x)	Rounds x to the nearest integer.	round(2.5) → 3
fmod(x, y)	Returns the remainder of x / y.	fmod(7, 3) → 1
hypot(x, y)	Returns sqrt(x^2 + y^2).	hypot(3, 4) → 5

Example 01:

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath> // Include the cmath header

using namespace std;

int main() {

    double num1 = -5.6, num2 = 16, base = 2, exp = 3;

    // Absolute value

    cout << "Absolute value of " << num1 << ": " << abs(num1) << endl;

    // Square root

    cout << "Square root of " << num2 << ": " << sqrt(num2) << endl;

    // Power

    cout << base << " raised to the power " << exp << ": " << pow(base, exp) << endl;

    // Trigonometric functions

    double angle = 3.14159 / 4; // 45 degrees in radians

    cout << "sin(45 degrees): " << sin(angle) << endl;

    cout << "cos(45 degrees): " << cos(angle) << endl;

    // Logarithm

    cout << "Natural logarithm of 2: " << log(2) << endl;

    cout << "Base-10 logarithm of 100: " << log10(100) << endl;

    // Rounding functions

    cout << "Ceiling of " << num1 << ": " << ceil(num1) << endl;

    cout << "Floor of " << num1 << ": " << floor(num1) << endl;

    cout << "Round of " << num1 << ": " << round(num1) << endl;

    // Hypotenuse

    cout << "Hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides 3 and 4: " << hypot(3, 4) << endl;

    return 0;

}

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